The Olympics Between Dark Millennium And The Iron Age

Introduction In the past one hundred years, a large number of Bronze Age seal have continuously unearthed in the Gulf region. Through the excavation and research of these finds, archaeologists have found that these seals can reflect the economic, political and cultural development of the Gulf states in the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age is the time between Dark Millennium and the Iron Age, c. 3200 - 1300 BC, which, in archaeology, are usually divided into four periods: 1) Late Bronze Age (1600-1300 BC) 2) Wadi Suq (2000-1600 BC) 3) Umm al-Nar (2500-2000 BC) 4) Hafit (3200-2500 BC) The Gulf region (Fig. 1), in this paper, mainly includes the Persian Gulf, including Dilmun, Mesopotamia, Magan, Elam, southeast Arabia and the associated Indus†¦show more content†¦In ancient times, the convenience of geography made communication possible which is undeniable, however, there are different opinions on the direction, intensity and breadth of the exchange. Examples of long-distance exchange in prehistory (Reade, 2008): Copal beads; Goat bones and Clove head. The most significant exchange is economy including local trade and interregional trade. As Reade (2008) suggested above that the importance of the overland trade between east and west was equal to the maritime trade via Persian Gulf, nonetheless ships had dozens of advantages over caravan. While the most widely accepted view is the seafaring trade route is more important, especially for the trade exchange between Mesopotamia and Indus via Bahrain (). From a political point of view, after comparing Dilmun seals and the contemporary royal cap of Mesopotamia, Hà ¸jlund (2000) believe that the seal imitated the shape of the royal cap, and thereby it was endowed with the power of king and the authority of gods. 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